PROGRAM NOTE
My third string quartet was composed at the invitation of the Pacifica Quartet, whose music-making I came to know intimately and admire greatly when they were resident performing artists at the University of Chicago (1999–2016). The piece was commissioned for Pacifica by Music Accord Inc., Tokyo’s Suntory Hall, and London’s Wigmore Hall. In our early conversations Pacifica proposed that this quartet might, in some manner, refer to the visual arts as a point of germination. Probing further, I found out that the quartet members had a special interest in art created during the earlier part of the 20th century, perhaps between the two world wars.
It was my good fortune to have met, a short while later, while in residence at the American Academy in Rome in the fall of 2011, art conservationist Albert Albano who steered me to the work of Felix Nussbaum (1904–1944), the German-Jewish painter who, like so many others, perished in the Holocaust at a young age, and who left some powerful, deeply moving art that spoke to the life that was unraveling around him.
The title of my string quartet takes its inspiration from a major exhibit devoted to art by German artists of the period of the Weimar Republic (1919–1933) titled “Glitter and Doom: German Portraits from the 1920s,” first shown at New York’s Metropolitan Museum of Art in 2006–07. Nussbaum would have been a bit too young to be included in this exhibit. His most noteworthy art was created in the last very few years of his short life. The exhibit’s evocative title, however, suggested to me the idea of “Glitter, Doom, Shards, Memory” as a way of framing a possible musical composition that would be an homage to his life and art, and to that of so many others like him during that era. Knowing that their days were numbered, yet intent on leaving a mark, a legacy, a memory, their art is triumph of the human spirit over annihilation.
Parallel to my wish to compose a string quartet that, typically for this genre, would exist as “pure music,” independent of a narrative, was my desire to effect an awareness in my listener of matters which are, to me, of great human concern. To my mind there is no contradiction between the two goals. As in several other works composed since 1969, this is my way of saying ‘do not forget’— something that, I believe, can be done through music with special power and poignancy.
The individual titles of the quartet’s four movements give an indication of some of the emotional strands this work explores.
1) “That which happened” (das was geschah) — is how the poet Paul Celan referred to the Shoah — the Holocaust. These simple words served for me, in the first movement, as a metaphor for the way in which an “ordinary” life, with its daily flow and its sense of sweet normalcy, was shockingly, inhumanely, inexplicably shattered.
2) “Menace” is a shorter movement, mimicking a Scherzo. It is also machine-like, incessant, with an occasional, recurring, waltz-like little tune — perhaps the chilling grimace we recognize from the executioner’s guillotine mask. Like the death machine it alludes to, it gathers momentum as it goes, and is unstoppable.
3) “If I must perish — do not let my paintings die”; these words are by Felix Nussbaum who, knowing what was ahead, nonetheless continued painting till his death in Auschwitz in 1944. If the heart of the first movement is the shuddering interruption of life as we know it, the third movement tries to capture something of what I can only imagine to be the conflicting states of mind that would have made it possible, and essential, to continue to live and practice one’s art — bearing witness to the events. Creating must have been, for Nussbaum and for so many others, a way of maintaining sanity, both a struggle and a catharsis – an act of defiance and salvation all at the same time.
4) “Shards, Memory” is a direct reference to my quartet’s title. Only shards are left. And memory. The memory is of things large and small, of unspeakable tragedy, but also of the song and the dance, the smile, the hopes. All things human. As we remember, in the face of death’s silence, we restore dignity to those who are gone.
© Shulamit Ran
In the program page, please list the four movements as follows:
I That which happened
II Menace
III “If I must perish – do not let my paintings die,” Felix Nussbaum (1904–1944)
IV Shards, Memory
The following commissioning credit should also be included, whenever possible, on the program page, or following the program note:
GLITTER, DOOM, SHARDS, MEMORY — String Quartet No. 3 was commissioned in partnership between the Music Accord consortium, Wigmore Hall, and Suntory Hall.
LEARN MORE
View the works that inspired this piece in here.
View Nussbaum’s artwork and read about performances in Denver and Aspen in 2015 in this piece from Colorado Public Radio.
INFORMATION
Commissioned by Music Accord for the Pacifica String Quartet
Pre-Premiere Preview:
May 24, 2014,
Royal Conservatory,
Toronto, Canada
Premiere:
June 17, 2014,
Suntory Hall,
Tokyo, Japan
Pacifica Quartet
Duration: c. 23’
RECORDING
Recorded by Pacifica Quartet on Contemporary Voices, Cedille, CDR 90000 196
SHEET MUSIC
Available from your favorite sheet music seller, or directly from Theodore Presser.